• 6-8: 4D/M1b. The atoms of any element are like other atoms of the same element, but are different from the atoms of other elements.
• 6-8: 4D/M1cd. Atoms may link together in well-defined molecules, or may be packed together in crystal patterns. Different arrangements of atoms into groups compose all substances and determine the characteristic properties of substances.
• 6-8: 4D/M3ab. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater average energy of motion, so most substances expand when heated.
• 6-8: 4D/M6c. Carbon and hydrogen are common elements of living matter.
• 6-8: 4D/M8. Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on temperature.
• 6-8: 4D/M10. A substance has characteristic properties such as density, a boiling point, and solubility, all of which are independent of the amount of the substance and can be used to identify it.

Explore how molecular changes determine physical characteristics of materials. Module opens with a short video clip that introduces atomic arrangement of solids. A second video discusses the structural changes to a water molecule that occur during phase change. Students then investigate differences among carbon forms through digital images of graphite and diamond structures. For gifted/talented learners, try the extension activity on buckyballs.

• Physical Sciences K-8 Properties of Matter Unit
• Physics First Properties of Matter Unit
• Conceptual Physics Properties of Matter Unit
• Algebra-Based Physics Properties of Matter Unit